GLOBALISATION: Contemporary Issues
8 Contemporary issues
Candidates will explore patterns of global inequality and consider explanations for them. These ideas are central to the key concepts of Power, control and resistance and Inequality and opportunity. Through investigating the causes and consequences of migration, and by examining the nature of crime in a global context, candidates will address some wide-ranging examples of the key concept Structure and human agency.
8.1 Globalisation, poverty and inequalities
• Debates about the impact of globalisation on life chances in developing countries, in relation to education, income and health.
• The role of transnational organisations in tackling global inequalities and the extent to which they have been successful.
• Sociological explanations for global inequalities, including capitalism, colonialism, post-colonialism and patriarchy.
Candidates will explore patterns of global inequality and consider explanations for them. These ideas are central to the key concepts of Power, control and resistance and Inequality and opportunity. Through investigating the causes and consequences of migration, and by examining the nature of crime in a global context, candidates will address some wide-ranging examples of the key concept Structure and human agency.
8.1 Globalisation, poverty and inequalities
• Debates about the impact of globalisation on life chances in developing countries, in relation to education, income and health.
• The role of transnational organisations in tackling global inequalities and the extent to which they have been successful.
• Sociological explanations for global inequalities, including capitalism, colonialism, post-colonialism and patriarchy.
Globalisation and education:
https://revisesociology.com/2019/05/17/the-globalisation-of-education/
https://revisesociology.com/2016/05/01/globalization-and-education/
Tutor 2 U video (6.23 mins): https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/globalisation-and-educational-policy
Sociology Guy video (29 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4iXo0YIlHc
How effective is billionaire charity? Ten minute video from The Economist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaN6ibm5r-
Covid & global inequality:
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/how-has-covid-19-impacted-global-inequality/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/04/rich-vs-poor-the-next-pandemic/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/how-has-covid-19-impacted-global-inequality/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/04/rich-vs-poor-the-next-pandemic/
Sociological explanations for global inequalities: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/sociological-theories-and-global-inequality/
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter10-global-inequality/
Why the Colonial Still Matters: https://criticallegalthinking.com/2010/12/02/post-colonies-and-capitalism-why-the-colonial-still-matters/
Postcolonial theory:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcolonialism https://developingeconomics.org/2020/05/12/is-postcolonial-capitalism-a-thing-to-itself-reviewing-sanyals-rethinking-capitalist-development/
Marxism and Postcolonial Theory: https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22606/1/Sinha_22606.pdf
Flash cards: https://quizlet.com/99205015/8-theories-of-global-inequality-flash-cards/
Crash Course Video (12 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b350ljkYWrU&t=2s
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter10-global-inequality/
Why the Colonial Still Matters: https://criticallegalthinking.com/2010/12/02/post-colonies-and-capitalism-why-the-colonial-still-matters/
Postcolonial theory:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcolonialism https://developingeconomics.org/2020/05/12/is-postcolonial-capitalism-a-thing-to-itself-reviewing-sanyals-rethinking-capitalist-development/
Marxism and Postcolonial Theory: https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22606/1/Sinha_22606.pdf
Flash cards: https://quizlet.com/99205015/8-theories-of-global-inequality-flash-cards/
Crash Course Video (12 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b350ljkYWrU&t=2s
8.2 Globalisation and migration
• The causes of global migration, including immigration, emigration, net migration, push and pull factors, global labour patterns and tourism.
• The consequences of global migration, positive and negative, including cultural diversity, economic benefits, concerns over scarce resources and negative perceptions of migration.
• Debates about who benefits from migration.
Globalisation & migration: https://revisesociology.com/2020/07/22/globalisation-and-migration/
A video overview (7.37 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOZmqIwqur4
Sociological explanations of immigration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_immigration
Useful Geographical notes on Migration: https://pmt.physicsandmathstutor.com/download/Geography/A-level/Notes/CAIE/Paper-2/Detailed/5.%20Migration.pdf
https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/a-level-geography-edexcel/globalisation/migration
Geography Video on Migration (24 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muqHF7u5AQQ
Demographic patterns in UK: Migration (Video 6.30 mins): https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/demographic-trends-in-uk-migration-a-level-sociology-families
UK Citizenship test: https://revisesociology.com/category/migration/
Range of academic articles on migration: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/sections/migration-and-society#articles
• The causes of global migration, including immigration, emigration, net migration, push and pull factors, global labour patterns and tourism.
• The consequences of global migration, positive and negative, including cultural diversity, economic benefits, concerns over scarce resources and negative perceptions of migration.
• Debates about who benefits from migration.
Globalisation & migration: https://revisesociology.com/2020/07/22/globalisation-and-migration/
A video overview (7.37 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOZmqIwqur4
Sociological explanations of immigration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_immigration
Useful Geographical notes on Migration: https://pmt.physicsandmathstutor.com/download/Geography/A-level/Notes/CAIE/Paper-2/Detailed/5.%20Migration.pdf
https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/a-level-geography-edexcel/globalisation/migration
Geography Video on Migration (24 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muqHF7u5AQQ
Demographic patterns in UK: Migration (Video 6.30 mins): https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/demographic-trends-in-uk-migration-a-level-sociology-families
UK Citizenship test: https://revisesociology.com/category/migration/
Range of academic articles on migration: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sociology/sections/migration-and-society#articles
Brexit and return migration: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55617849
Asian migrant workers in the Middle East: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/sep/03/i-am-starving-the-migrant-workers-abandoned-by-dubai-employers
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/11/up-to-10000-asian-migrant-workers-die-in-the-gulf-every-year-claims-report?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Qatar world cup. Migrant deaths (Video 14 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l78MEeUyp28
Ten minute video from The Economist on how to make migration better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2ZRT0TmVB0&t=52s
Discussions of globalisation and migration:
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/04/rich-vs-poor-the-next-pandemic/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/the-21st-century-an-age-of-imprudent-international-borders-and-migrant-hostility/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/refugee-camps-a-place-of-refuge-or-a-place-of-punishment
The experience of migrants to Spain: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/24/its-not-just-in-football-young-players-families-on-racism-in-spain?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Asian migrant workers in the Middle East: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/sep/03/i-am-starving-the-migrant-workers-abandoned-by-dubai-employers
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/11/up-to-10000-asian-migrant-workers-die-in-the-gulf-every-year-claims-report?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Qatar world cup. Migrant deaths (Video 14 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l78MEeUyp28
Ten minute video from The Economist on how to make migration better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2ZRT0TmVB0&t=52s
Discussions of globalisation and migration:
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/04/rich-vs-poor-the-next-pandemic/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/the-21st-century-an-age-of-imprudent-international-borders-and-migrant-hostility/
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2021/05/05/refugee-camps-a-place-of-refuge-or-a-place-of-punishment
The experience of migrants to Spain: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/24/its-not-just-in-football-young-players-families-on-racism-in-spain?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Ukriane and refugee migration:
https://www.unhcr.org/
Where are Ukrainian refugees going? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60555472
Range of BBC articles and videos:
https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cg41ylwvxmdt/refugees-and-asylum-seekers
The risks to child and female refugees: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/12/children-going-missing-amid-chaos-at-ukraine-border-report-aid-groups-refugees?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Range of Guardian videos:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/mar/05/i-cant-believe-this-is-happening-the-refugees-trying-to-escape-ukraine-video?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
https://www.unhcr.org/
Where are Ukrainian refugees going? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60555472
Range of BBC articles and videos:
https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cg41ylwvxmdt/refugees-and-asylum-seekers
The risks to child and female refugees: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/12/children-going-missing-amid-chaos-at-ukraine-border-report-aid-groups-refugees?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Range of Guardian videos:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2022/mar/05/i-cant-believe-this-is-happening-the-refugees-trying-to-escape-ukraine-video?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other
Stephen Castles discusses globalisation and migration:
Essay overview: http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial/420NiyatiSharma2.pdf
(Video 6 mins): https://www.ipsp.org/video-spotlight/3229
(Video 21 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHeqAJuuqpQ
Revision summary:
https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/a-level-geography-edexcel/globalisation/migration
https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/globalisation-and-migration
Essay overview: http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial/420NiyatiSharma2.pdf
(Video 6 mins): https://www.ipsp.org/video-spotlight/3229
(Video 21 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHeqAJuuqpQ
Revision summary:
https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/a-level-geography-edexcel/globalisation/migration
https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/globalisation-and-migration
8.3 Globalisation and crime
• Reasons for the emergence of global crimes, such as human trafficking, corporate crime and crimes against the environment.
• Explanations of who benefits from global crime, including Marxist and feminist perspectives.
• Policing and prosecuting global crime, including the benefits and challenges resulting from globalisation and new technology.
Overview:
https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/sociology-globalisation-and-crime
https://sociologytwynham.com/2018/05/16/globalisation-and-crime-with-evaluative-points-3/
Globalisation and Crime Video (8 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRfAApFNxiM
Helpful summary page: https://www.slideshare.net/mattyp99/8-glz-of-crime-worksheet-completed
Marxism on global crime Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/mattyp99/8-ian-taylor-marxist-analysis
Ian Taylor, 'The Political Economy of Crime’: https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/crime-and-deviance/crime-and-globalisation/
Global Crime Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/SapphoWebb/global-crime-aqa-sociology
State Crimes & Green Crimes Powerpoint:
https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/state-crimes-and-green-crimes
https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/globalisation-17276333
https://www.slideshare.net/beth__/globalisation-green-crime-human-rights-state-crime
• Reasons for the emergence of global crimes, such as human trafficking, corporate crime and crimes against the environment.
• Explanations of who benefits from global crime, including Marxist and feminist perspectives.
• Policing and prosecuting global crime, including the benefits and challenges resulting from globalisation and new technology.
Overview:
https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/sociology-globalisation-and-crime
https://sociologytwynham.com/2018/05/16/globalisation-and-crime-with-evaluative-points-3/
Globalisation and Crime Video (8 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRfAApFNxiM
Helpful summary page: https://www.slideshare.net/mattyp99/8-glz-of-crime-worksheet-completed
Marxism on global crime Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/mattyp99/8-ian-taylor-marxist-analysis
Ian Taylor, 'The Political Economy of Crime’: https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/crime-and-deviance/crime-and-globalisation/
Global Crime Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/SapphoWebb/global-crime-aqa-sociology
State Crimes & Green Crimes Powerpoint:
https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/state-crimes-and-green-crimes
https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/globalisation-17276333
https://www.slideshare.net/beth__/globalisation-green-crime-human-rights-state-crime
Human Trafficking:
Wiki Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking#:~:text=Human%20trafficking%20is%20the%20trade,for%20surrogacy%20and%20ova%20removal.
UN introduction and victim stories: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/crime.html
Anti-slavery Society introduction (note the links on the right-hand side: https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/human-trafficking/
US Government focus on the issues: https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking
Interpol on human trafficking: https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Human-trafficking
Sex Trafficking: What & How: https://youth.gov/youth-topics/trafficking-of-youth/the-problem
Sociological Perspectives: https://ae028.wordpress.com/analysis-2/sociological-perspective/
Kari Lerum: Sex work and criminalization: http://www.karilerum.com/uploads/6/3/3/5/63359519/sex_work_and_criminalization.pdf
Academic Papers on the sociological debate: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=swg_facpubs
https://uw-s3-cdn.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/155/2018/05/24195638/Human-Trafficking-Supply-Chains_2017-reduced-size-for-website.pdf (p3-8 & p12-14, very useful)
Short US Government Intro video (4 mins):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35uM5VMrZas
BBC Documentary (45 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ok_UO_vLN3Y
Examples of corporate and state-corporate crimes:
VW lied?: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34324772
Allegations of wrong-doing by Credit Suisse: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/feb/20/credit-suisse-secrets-leak-unmasks-criminals-fraudsters-corrupt-politicians
US Residents contaminated by toxic water supply: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/10/weve-made-history-flint-water-crisis-victims-to-receive-626m-settlement
General Electric, massive fraud?: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49352765#:~:text=A%20private%20financial%20investigator%20who,was%20hiding%20an%20accounting%20scandal.
Unisys Bribery charges: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-06-mn-1851-story.html
Other examples of company bribery charges: https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0512/the-biggest-bribe-cases-in-business-history.aspx
Range of articles on the Panama Papers: https://www.theguardian.com/news/series/panama-papers
State global crime (Pegasus spy ware): https://revisesociology.com/tag/corporate-crime/
Police Actions on Global Crime
Interpol on financial criminality: https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Financial-crime
VW lied?: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34324772
Allegations of wrong-doing by Credit Suisse: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/feb/20/credit-suisse-secrets-leak-unmasks-criminals-fraudsters-corrupt-politicians
US Residents contaminated by toxic water supply: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/10/weve-made-history-flint-water-crisis-victims-to-receive-626m-settlement
General Electric, massive fraud?: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49352765#:~:text=A%20private%20financial%20investigator%20who,was%20hiding%20an%20accounting%20scandal.
Unisys Bribery charges: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-06-mn-1851-story.html
Other examples of company bribery charges: https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0512/the-biggest-bribe-cases-in-business-history.aspx
Range of articles on the Panama Papers: https://www.theguardian.com/news/series/panama-papers
State global crime (Pegasus spy ware): https://revisesociology.com/tag/corporate-crime/
Police Actions on Global Crime
Interpol on financial criminality: https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Financial-crime
Crimes against the environment.
State Crimes & Green Crimes Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/state-crimes-and-green-crimes
Sociological outline of green crime: https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/crime-and-deviance/environmental-crimes/#:~:text=Green%20crime%20is%20defined%20as,is%20global%20rather%20than%20local.
Theories of Global Environmental Crime
Overview of theories:
https://revisesociology.com/2019/04/26/green-criminology-and-green-crime-revision-notes/
https://sociologysaviour.wordpress.com/2016/02/12/green-crime-unit-4/
Overview with video focussed on destruction of the rainforests: https://sociologytwynham.com/2013/06/05/green-crime/
Video overview (5 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyxFc8o4Ys8
Concepts explained: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/sociology-green-crime-explained
Transgressive Sociology explained (with videos): https://studyingsociology.com/2020/06/01/green-crime-crime-and-deviance/
Dr Gary Potter explains green crime (scroll down for several short videos): http://www.sociology.org.uk/cc_global_videomenu.htm
Sociology Review article by Dr Gary Potter: https://www.greencriminology.org/monthly/WhatIsGreenCriminology.pdf
Chris Livesey (textbook writer) on green crime (3 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7OVV5VWpBs
Short academic paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-017-0007-2.pdf
Range of academic papers on green crime: https://www.nature.com/collections/yjnvrtcwhj
State Crimes & Green Crimes Powerpoint: https://www.slideshare.net/smccormac7/state-crimes-and-green-crimes
Sociological outline of green crime: https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/sociology/crime-and-deviance/environmental-crimes/#:~:text=Green%20crime%20is%20defined%20as,is%20global%20rather%20than%20local.
Theories of Global Environmental Crime
Overview of theories:
https://revisesociology.com/2019/04/26/green-criminology-and-green-crime-revision-notes/
https://sociologysaviour.wordpress.com/2016/02/12/green-crime-unit-4/
Overview with video focussed on destruction of the rainforests: https://sociologytwynham.com/2013/06/05/green-crime/
Video overview (5 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyxFc8o4Ys8
Concepts explained: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/reference/sociology-green-crime-explained
Transgressive Sociology explained (with videos): https://studyingsociology.com/2020/06/01/green-crime-crime-and-deviance/
Dr Gary Potter explains green crime (scroll down for several short videos): http://www.sociology.org.uk/cc_global_videomenu.htm
Sociology Review article by Dr Gary Potter: https://www.greencriminology.org/monthly/WhatIsGreenCriminology.pdf
Chris Livesey (textbook writer) on green crime (3 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7OVV5VWpBs
Short academic paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-017-0007-2.pdf
Range of academic papers on green crime: https://www.nature.com/collections/yjnvrtcwhj
Revision
Summary notes: https://revise-sociology-aqa.tumblr.com/post/103887649966/globalisation
Revision flashcards:
https://quizlet.com/69032133/16-globalisation-in-a-changing-world-flash-cards/
https://www.chegg.com/flashcards/sociology-globalisation-6226af67-42fe-41d2-8e07-abd213bb09bf/deck
https://quizlet.com/gb/259866134/a2-aqa-sociology-crime-deviance-green-crime-flash-cards/
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/sociology-crime-globalisation-green-crim-6864219/packs/8142884
Revision videos: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/collections/crime-and-deviance-student-revision-videos
Excellent chapter for those aiming for A/A* grades: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/17139/1/The_Sociology_of_Globalization.pdf
Revision Videos:
Range of videos related to globalisation: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/collections/global-development-student-revision-videos
Summary notes: https://revise-sociology-aqa.tumblr.com/post/103887649966/globalisation
Revision flashcards:
https://quizlet.com/69032133/16-globalisation-in-a-changing-world-flash-cards/
https://www.chegg.com/flashcards/sociology-globalisation-6226af67-42fe-41d2-8e07-abd213bb09bf/deck
https://quizlet.com/gb/259866134/a2-aqa-sociology-crime-deviance-green-crime-flash-cards/
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/sociology-crime-globalisation-green-crim-6864219/packs/8142884
Revision videos: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/collections/crime-and-deviance-student-revision-videos
Excellent chapter for those aiming for A/A* grades: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/17139/1/The_Sociology_of_Globalization.pdf
Revision Videos:
Range of videos related to globalisation: https://www.tutor2u.net/sociology/collections/global-development-student-revision-videos